Balancing Over One-Bids
A balancing bid is made in the pass-out seat after an opponent has opened the bidding
(1 of a suit on your left, Pass, Pass, to you). In these situations, it's often a good
idea to stretch to keep the auction alive. To decide whether or not you should balance
after a one-bid is passed around to you, keep these general guidelines in mind:
- The BEST time to balance is when:
- You're short in the opponent's suit.
- You have length and high-card strength in the other three suits.
- You have a good 5-card or longer suit.
- You're not vulnerable (if you can't make your bid, the penalty will be lower, and may be
even less than the score you would have lost if you had defended the one-bid).
- The WORST time to balance is when:
- You have a very weak hand (fewer than 8 pts.) and/or a weak suit.
- You have length in OPENER'S suit. The more
cards you have in the opponents' suit, the less chance there is that you and partner will
have a fit. It's often best to pass and let opener play in what may be a bad contract.
- You're vulnerable. If you can't make your bid, the penalty may be expensive, so be
conservative.
How strong is partner's hand?
One reason for balancing is to protect partner when he has good values, but did not
have a descriptive bid available in the direct seat. In some of these cases, he may have
had a "trap pass"-a strong hand that could not call because of length in
opener's suit. To get a general idea of partner's points and distribution when the
opponents pass out a one-bid, you can usually assume that:
- On average, your side will have about 20-22 pts. and the opponents will
have 18-20 pts. (14-16 for opener, 4 for his partner). Subtract your HCP's from your
side's 20-22 to determine partner's point-count.
- Your side will have an average of 6 cards in opener's suit. Subtract the number of cards
you have from 6 to determine partner's length in that suit.
Now look for other clues to determine how likely it is that partner's hand falls
in the "average" ranges above. If you have a marginal balancing hand, use these
guidelines to make your decision:
- If you have length in opener's suit, strongly consider passing. Since you know
partner is short in their suit, it's more likely he has a weaker hand (with
shortness and strength, he could have made a takeout double or overcall).
- If you're short in opener's suit, stretch to balance. It's more likely partner
has the stronger hand-his length in their suit may well be the reason he
couldn't bid.
- If you're short in opener's suit, don't play partner for more than 15 pts. With
length in their suit, partner would have often bid 1NT if he had a 15+-point hand.
- Don't ever figure partner for more than 17 HCPs. He won't usually
"trap" with a hand this strong, so you don't need to protect him (or a possible
game) with fewer than 8 pts.
- Consider the vulnerability and level of the opening bid. If you're not vulnerable
and the 1-level was available, partner could have overcalled if he had a long suit and 9+
pts. Vulnerable (or if the opening bid would have forced him to the 2-level), he will
often pass with these minimum hands.
Balancing after a Suit Opening Bid (1C/1D/1H/1S - Pass - Pass - ?)
When you balance over a one-bid, you are, in effect, bidding some of partner's values
for him. This means you can "shade down" many of your bids. As a guideline, most
of your balancing bids promise about one King fewer than you would need to make the same
bid in the direct seat.
- Minimum suit bid (1D-Pass-Pass-1H) = 8-13 pts.,
usually a 5+-card suit (but may be a good 4-card suit at the one-level). The better your
suit, the fewer pts. you need to bid.
- 1NT (1D-Pass-Pass-1NT) = About 11-14 pts. with
stoppers (or moderate length) in the opponent's suit. If you're vulnerable -- and/or
if the opening bid was 1H or 1S -- raise the range to 13-15 (or a poor 16) pts.
- A jump in a new suit (1H-Pass-Pass-2S) = 13-16 pts.
and a strong 6+-card suit. A jump in the balancing seat invites
game-it is not a strong jump-shift or a preempt.
- Double = for takeout, showing 10+ pts. with shortness in the opponent's
suit. A takeout double can also be used to start the description of a better hand (14+
pts.) that was too strong to balance with a simple suit bid or 1NT. After partner responds
to your double, you can show the stronger hand by rebidding 1NT (to show 16-18 pts.) or
freely bidding a new suit (to show 14+ pts. and a 5+-card suit).
- Bid of the opponent's suit (1H-Pass-Pass-2H) = This is
called a cuebid, and depending on your partnership's preference,
it can have one of two meanings:
1 - A two-suited hand (the Michaels convention); or
2 - A strong, game-forcing takeout.
- Jump to 2NT (1S-Pass-Pass-2NT) = This can also be
assigned one of two meanings:
1 - 21-22 pts. balanced; or
2 - Unusual, showing length in the two lower unbid suits
(this meaning is probably more valuable).
Balancing Over an Opening Notrump (1NT - Pass - Pass - ?)
A SUIT BID in the passout seat can be whatever you and
partner agree -- a natural one-suited hand, a conventional bid showing two suits, etc.
Don't worry too much about HCP requirements. It's much more important to have a good
suit(s) and playing strength when you balance.
Check the vulnerability. Since it's guaranteed that LHO has some length and
defense against your suit -- and his partner knows this -- you'll be doubled more often,
so be sure you have extra strength if you're vulnerable. If you're not vulnerable and the
opponents are, be more aggressive-you can balance with almost any hand that has a long,
decent suit.
- A DOUBLE in the passout seat can have different meanings at different
vulnerabilities.
- If the opponents are vulnerable and you are NOT, it can be valuable to play a
"light" double that shows as few as 10-12 pts.. If partner has fair strength (8+
pts) and can pass, the reward is great. If partner is weaker and pulls the double to his
long suit, you have the safety of being non-vulnerable.
- If the opponents are NOT vulnerable, a double should show a better hand (14+
pts.). Partner will bid or pass accordingly.
- If YOU are vulnerable, a double shows a real powerhouse (a minimum of a
"great" 18 pts.). Partner will pass with almost anything.
Responder's Bids (after partner balances over a one-bid)
Remember that partner may have stretched to keep the auction open for you, so don't
hang him. In general, most of your responses promise about one Queen more than you would
have if partner had taken action in the direct seat.
- If partner balances with a suit (showing 8-13 pts.):
- Don't get too excited. Partner usually has less than opening-bid strength, so you should
usually pass if you have a weak hand without a fit. The meanings of your other bids are:
- "Free" raise of partner's suit (1H-Pass-Pass-1S / Pass-2S)
shows a constructive hand (8-12 playing pts.).
- Competitive raise of partner's suit (over an intervening bid --
1H-Pass-Pass-1S / 2H-2S) shows support, but may be made with a slightly weaker hand
than a free raise. If opener bids again (or if his partner comes into the auction),
compete if you have a fit and fair playing strength (7+ pts.).
- Jump raise of partner's suit (1H-Pass-Pass-1S / Pass-3S) invites
game -- 11-13 playing points.
- Low-level notrump bid shows good strength, stoppers in the opponent's
suit and no fit for partner's major. (1NT = about 9-12 pts.. A jump to 2NT = 12-13 pts. A
jump to 3NT = 14+ pts.)
- New suit (1H-Pass-Pass-1S / Pass-2D) shows a 5+-card suit and good
playing strength. If partner balanced with a major, your new-suit bid usually denies
support for his suit.
- Cuebid (bid of the opponent's suit -- 1C-Pass-Pass-1S / Pass-2C)
can have one of two meanings, depending on your partnership's preference:
1 - Artificial, showing a very strong hand and interest in game; or
2 - Natural, showing a desire to make that suit trumps. The natural meaning is
usually used only if the opponent's opening bid was a minor suit (if he opened a 5-card
major, the cuebid of his suit should be artificial).
- If partner doubles (showing 10+ pts.):
- Remember that partner can be relatively light in high-card points, so don't hang him.
With most hands, respond at the cheapest level possible (don't jump, even with 10-11
pts.). If partner has a full opening bid, he'll usually bid again.
- If partner balances with 1NT (showing 11-15 pts.):
- Pass with most fairly balanced hands of up to 10-11 pts.
- 2NT is invitational, showing about 11-13 pts. not vulnerable (10-11 pts.
Vulnerable).
- A game bid (1C-Pass-Pass-1NT / Pass-3NT/4H/4S) should show about
14 pts. if you're not vulnerable, about 12 pts. if you're vulnerable.
- Other responses to 1NT can follow one of two approaches, depending on your
partnership's preference:
- "System off" -- 2 of a new suit (1C-Pass-Pass-1S / Pass-2D
) is to play. A jump in a new suit is forcing. A cuebid of the opponent's suit is Stayman,
asking partner for a 4-card major.
- "System on" -- 2C is Stayman. Other bids, including a cuebid,
follow your notrump system (transfers, etc.).
AT THE TABLE
The auction goes 1H by your LHO (left-hand-opponent) - Pass - Pass to you. What is
your bid with:
Q3
KQ4
AJ87
QJ92 ?
- 1NT. This is about the strongest hand you should have for a balancing 1NT.
984
QJ6
AQ1032
K10 ?
- 1NT. A 2D bid is also a possibility, but with your balanced shape and heart
stopper, 1NT is a better description.
K5
64
J102
AJ10854 ?
- 2C. Don't be afraid to balance light if you have a good suit, especially if
you're relatively short in your opponent's suit.
QJ93
2
A874
K1032 ?
- Double. You have minimum points, but you have right distribution.
AQJ103
754
6
AQJ3 ?
- Double. This hand is too strong for a simple 1S balance, which can show as few as
8 pts.. You plan to rebid 2S over partner's response, showing a "good" overcall.
4
1043
AQ7
AKJ1084 ?
- 3C. This hand is too strong for a simple 2C balance. Jump to show your strong
suit and invite game.
J
QJ84
Q7654
AQ7 ?
- Pass. Your long suit is very weak and you have length in opener's suit. Also,
they may have a better contract in spades, and they may find it if you reopen the bidding
for them.
53
J973
KQ1032
Q9 ?
- Pass. You have a good suit, but you're very weak. Partner's failure to bid
suggests that opener has a powerhouse, or that the opponents have a better fit somewhere.
Bridge bidding -- Balancing, Part 2
Balancing after both opponents have bid
When the opponents have stopped at a low-level contract, you will
often want to make a balancing bid or takeout double to try to
find a contract of your own. Fairly aggressive balancing bids
are especially popular at matchpoint (pairs) play, where the rewards
can be great. However, there is some risk in entering the auction
after the opponents have exchanged information, so you should
adopt a more conservative balancing style in IMP (team) games
and rubber bridge.
To determine whether or not you should reopen the bidding in these
situations, keep these general rules in mind:
- The BEST time to balance is when:
- The opponents have stopped in a low-level suit partscore (1
or 2) -- especially if it's possible that you can find a 2-level
contract of your own (they've stopped in 2C, 2D or 2H or below).
- The opponents have found a trump fit (they have bid and raised
a suit).
- The opponents have limited their high-card strength (they
have willingly stopped in a part score).
- You have length and high-card strength in the unbid suit(s).
- You're not vulnerable. The opponents will be less tempted
to double because a set would only score +100 instead of +110
or +140.
- The WORST situations for balancing are when:
- You are extremely weak (fewer than 7-8 pts.).
- You have a strong holding in their suit or you suspect they
have a better contract available.
- The opponents haven't found a good trump fit (they've stopped
in 1NT or had an auction that suggests a misfit). Typical non-fitting
auctions are: 1H-1NT; 1C-1S-1NT-P; 1C-1H-2C-2H; 1H-1S-2D-P .
- Your honor cards are in the opponents' suits (especially the
suit bid on your left).
- You're vulnerable -- the opponents are more likely to double
because a one-trick set (+200) will be greater than the value of their part score.
How strong is partner's hand?
If the opponents find a trump fit and stop at 2, you can USUALLY
assume that:
- They have a combined average of about 22 HCPs and your side
has an average of 18 HCPs. Subtract your HCPs from 18 to determine
about how many points partner will have.
- They have a 8 trumps and you have 5. Subtract the number of
cards you hold in their suit from 5 to determine partner's length
in their suit. The shorter he is in their suit, the more likely
he'll have a fit for YOUR suit.
- You and partner are likely to have an 8-card fit somewhere.
- The opponents aren't crazy. Don't worry too much about balancing
them into a game. If they haven't made a try for game, assume
they WANTED to stop where they did.
If the opponents stop in 1NT (they bid 1C-1H-1NT
or 1D-1NT, etc.):
Balancing in the pass-out seat is somewhat risky because
the opponents don't have a fit. You'll want to have some extra
strength to balance over these auctions. As a result, most of
your actions suggest at least moderate length in the suit bid
on your right (because if you had shortness in that suit, you
probably would have made a bid earlier in the auction).
Some pairs like to play a double in these auctions as a "trap
pass", showing a strong holding in the suit bid on your right.
In this case, responder shouldn't be afraid to pass and lead dummy's suit.
Balancing Actions
If you're in the pass-out seat after the opponents stop in
a part score, the meanings of your bids are:
- Double (1H-Pass-2H-Pass / Pass-DBL)
= For takeout. You may be fairly light for this action if you
have the right shape (shortness in their suit). A typical hand
for a balancing double after the opponents stop in 2H would be:
QJ72
2
AJ76
Q1053 .
- Suit bid (1H-Pass-2H-Pass / Pass-2S)
= A one-suited hand that doesn't have the right pattern for a
takeout double. Your failure to make a direct overcall at your
first turn tells partner that your suit may not be robust:
J7432
832
A7
K107 .
- Notrump (1H-Pass-2H-Pass / Pass-2NT)
= Unusual, showing length in the two lowest unbid suits (usually
the minors). A balancing bid of 2NT is never natural; partner
should always pull this to one of your suits. If the opponents
stop in 2H, your balance of 2NT would show a hand like:
7
J72
AJ104
QJ972
.
Responding to Partner's Balancing Bid
When partner balances over the opponent's low-level contract,
it's important to remember that he has essentially already bid
your cards for you. Your partnership's goal is to find a fit and
a safe part score, not to bid a game.
- If partner balances with a suit, the best
advice is don't bid on at all. Unless you have a
great fit and extraordinary playing strength --or no fit, but
a good suit of your own -- you should pass.
- If partner balances with a double, resist
the temptation to jump in your suit. Respond your longest suit
at the lowest level available. You may pass the double for penalty
if you have a long, strong holding in the opponent's suit.
- If partner balances with an Unusual 2NT (showing
the minors), he is warning you that he has no support for the
unbid major. Just bid 3 of your longest minor, even if it's just
a 2-card suit.
Copyright © Karen Walker